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South Korea Enacts Mandatory ESG Reporting for Major Companies

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  Published in Media and Entertainment on Wednesday, December 10th 2025 at 15:51 GMT by WSB Radio

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South Korea’s New ESG Reporting Mandate: What Businesses Need to Know

South Korea has taken a decisive step toward aligning its corporate reporting framework with global sustainability standards. A new law, enacted by the government and signed into effect earlier this year, requires a broad swath of companies to disclose detailed environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information. The move is designed to give investors, regulators and the public greater visibility into how firms manage sustainability risks and opportunities, and to keep Korean businesses competitive on the international stage.

1. The Core of the New Regulation

• Who is Covered?
  The law targets publicly listed companies and certain large private firms with a market capitalization of ₩1 trillion (approximately US$800 million) or a revenue of ₩10 trillion (around US$8 billion). This threshold means that the majority of the country’s major corporations—including conglomerates, banks, and key exporters—must now produce ESG reports.

• Reporting Scope
  Companies must disclose a range of metrics that cover: - Environmental: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy use, water consumption, waste generation, and the presence of hazardous substances.
  - Social: Labor standards, employee health and safety, diversity & inclusion, community engagement, and human rights.
  - Governance: Board composition, executive compensation, risk management structures, and compliance with anti‑corruption laws.

• Reporting Framework
  The mandated format will mirror the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) standards, with additional guidance from the Korean Sustainability Reporting Council (KSRC). Companies will be expected to produce a narrative report that explains their strategy and performance against key ESG indicators.

• Timeline
  The law is phased in: - 2024: Companies with market caps between ₩500 billion and ₩1 trillion must submit an ESG “roadmap” showing how they plan to meet reporting requirements.
  - 2025: All listed firms are required to publish a first ESG report in the year following the fiscal year-end.
  - 2026: The ESG data will become a mandatory part of the annual financial filing, and non‑compliance may result in sanctions.

2. Why South Korea Is Taking This Step

South Korea’s leadership believes that robust ESG disclosures are essential for several reasons:

1. Investor Confidence – As the Asia Pacific region becomes a major destination for ESG‑focused capital, transparent reporting is critical to attract and retain foreign investment.

2. Risk Management – Climate‑related and social risks are increasingly material to business valuation. By making ESG data public, companies can better anticipate regulatory, reputational, and operational risks.

3. Global Benchmarking – The regulation aligns Korea with the European Union’s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and the United States’ new SEC proposals, thereby leveling the playing field for multinational corporations.

4. Domestic Accountability – The move underscores a broader government push toward a “green” economy, supporting the national “Net‑Zero 2050” pledge.

3. Expected Challenges for Businesses

While the benefits are clear, firms face several hurdles:

• Data Collection – Many companies will need to establish new data collection systems for energy, emissions, and social metrics. For firms with fragmented operations, integrating disparate data sources can be resource‑intensive.

• Audit and Assurance – The law requires third‑party assurance on ESG data. Small firms may struggle to find auditors experienced in sustainability metrics.

• Cost Implications – Implementing the necessary IT and compliance infrastructure could cost millions of won in the short term.

• Staff Training – ESG reporting demands a cross‑functional understanding of finance, sustainability, and corporate governance. Companies will need to train or hire staff to fill this knowledge gap.

4. Reactions from the Business Community

• Positive Voices
  Several conglomerates, such as POSCO and SK Hynix, have expressed enthusiasm. “ESG reporting is not just a compliance exercise; it’s an opportunity to showcase our long‑term resilience,” said SK Hynix’s chief sustainability officer. The Korean Association of Corporate Directors (KACD) has also welcomed the move, highlighting the role of transparent governance in improving shareholder value.

• Skeptical Voices
  Small‑to‑mid‑size companies have voiced concerns about the regulatory burden. “The reporting requirements are daunting for firms that do not yet have dedicated ESG teams,” noted the Korean Small and Medium Enterprise Association. Some executives worry that the focus on disclosure might divert attention from core business operations.

• Industry Support
  Professional service firms—especially those in auditing, legal, and consulting—are positioning themselves to offer ESG readiness solutions. The Korean Institute of Corporate Governance is already developing training modules to help businesses navigate the new rules.

5. Practical Steps for Companies

1. Conduct a Gap Analysis – Identify which ESG metrics are already tracked and where gaps exist.
2. Build a Cross‑Functional ESG Team – Include members from finance, operations, legal, and sustainability.
3. Leverage Technology – Adopt ESG data management platforms that can aggregate, analyze, and report key indicators.
4. Engage Auditors Early – Start conversations with auditing firms that have ESG experience to understand assurance requirements.
5. Develop a Roadmap – For companies falling within the 2024 roadmap window, outline timelines, milestones, and responsibilities.
6. Engage Stakeholders – Communicate plans with investors, employees, and communities to build credibility and gather feedback.

6. Looking Ahead

South Korea’s ESG reporting mandate is a landmark step that could set a precedent across the region. As the first Asian country to adopt a unified, mandatory ESG reporting framework comparable to the EU’s CSRD, Korea is positioning itself as a leader in sustainability accountability. Companies that adapt early will not only avoid penalties but also potentially unlock new sources of capital, reduce risk, and enhance brand reputation.

In the months ahead, the Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy (MOTIE) will release detailed guidance documents and conduct workshops to help firms navigate the new requirements. The corporate community is urged to stay proactive and view ESG reporting not merely as a regulatory hurdle but as a strategic lever for long‑term success.

Further Reading & Resources

• [ Korean Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy – Sustainability Reporting ]
• [ Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards ]
• [ Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) ]
• [ Korean Association of Corporate Directors (KACD) ]

This summary captures the essential elements of South Korea’s new ESG reporting requirement, offering businesses a clear roadmap for compliance and highlighting the broader context of the move.